John Cage was an influential American composer born on September 5, 1912, in Los Angeles. He is celebrated for his innovative ideas, particularly in the realm of chance music, where he used random methods to create his works. Cage is best known for his piece 4′33″, which instructs musicians to remain silent for four minutes and thirty-three seconds. This composition challenges traditional ideas about music and encourages listeners to appreciate the ambient sounds around them.

Cage studied music with notable teachers, such as Arnold Schoenberg, and his work was profoundly influenced by Eastern philosophies, particularly Zen Buddhism. In addition to music, he was involved in modern dance, collaborating extensively with choreographer Merce Cunningham, who was also his lifelong partner. Cage’s unique approach to sound, particularly his use of prepared piano and non-standard instruments, made him a central figure in avant-garde music.