Els Aarne was an Estonian composer, pianist, and music educator whose work played a significant role in the development of Estonian classical music. Born in Makiivka, Ukraine, she studied at the Tallinn State Conservatory, where she trained in music pedagogy, piano, and composition under Heino Eller. Her diverse career included teaching at the conservatory and other institutions, as well as extensive work as a performer and critic.

Aarne’s compositions include two symphonies, instrumental concertos, solo song cycles, chamber music, choral works, and pieces for children. She was particularly innovative in her choice of solo instruments, writing for the double bass and French horn in addition to more conventional choices. Her music often incorporated Estonian folk elements and modal structures. Her vocal works addressed themes of nature, human relationships, and Estonian identity, often reflecting the mood and nuances of the text with great sensitivity.

Several of her compositions, including Cat’s Song and Song about a Grasshopper, became part of Estonia’s national song celebrations.